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3,558
نتائج ل
"Neuroprotective Agents - chemistry"
صنف حسب:
Important Flavonoids and Their Role as a Therapeutic Agent
بواسطة
Munir, Sidra
,
Emwas, Abdul-Hamid
,
Badshah, Syed Lal
في
Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy
,
Alzheimer Disease - prevention & control
,
Angiogenesis
2020
Flavonoids are phytochemical compounds present in many plants, fruits, vegetables, and leaves, with potential applications in medicinal chemistry. Flavonoids possess a number of medicinal benefits, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. They also have neuroprotective and cardio-protective effects. These biological activities depend upon the type of flavonoid, its (possible) mode of action, and its bioavailability. These cost-effective medicinal components have significant biological activities, and their effectiveness has been proved for a variety of diseases. The most recent work is focused on their isolation, synthesis of their analogs, and their effects on human health using a variety of techniques and animal models. Thousands of flavonoids have been successfully isolated, and this number increases steadily. We have therefore made an effort to summarize the isolated flavonoids with useful activities in order to gain a better understanding of their effects on human health.
Journal Article
Phenylethanoid Glycosides: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activity and Pharmacokinetics
بواسطة
Yang, Bin
,
Xue, Zhenzhen
في
Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry
,
Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification
,
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics
2016
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicines as well as in other medicinal plants, and they were characterized by a phenethyl alcohol (C₆-C₂) moiety attached to a β-glucopyranose/β-allopyranose via a glycosidic bond. The outstanding activity of PhGs in diverse diseases proves their importance in medicinal chemistry research. This review summarizes new findings on PhGs over the past 10 years, concerning the new structures, their bioactivities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antivirus, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, and enzyme inhibitory effects, and pharmacokinetic properties.
Journal Article
Health Properties and Composition of Honeysuckle Berry Lonicera caerulea L. An Update on Recent Studies
بواسطة
Gołba, Marta
,
Kucharska, Alicja Z
,
Sokół-Łętowska, Anna
في
Acidic soils
,
Acids
,
Anthocyanins
2020
L., also known as haskap or honeysuckle berry, is a fruit commonly planted in eastern Europe, Canada and Asia. The fruit was registered as a traditional food from a third country under European Union regulations only on December 2018. It is resistant to cold, pests, various soil acidities and diseases. However, its attractiveness is associated mostly with its health properties. The fruit shows anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity-important factors in improving health. These features result from the diverse content of phytochemicals in honeysuckle berries with high concentrations of phytocompounds, mainly hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, flavanols, flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanones and anthocyanins but also iridoids, present in the fruit in exceptional amounts. The content and health properties of the fruit were identified to be dependent on cultivar, genotype and the place of harvesting. Great potential benefits of this nutritious food are its ability to minimize the negative effects of UV radiation, diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases, and to exert hepato- and cardioprotective activity.
Journal Article
Recent Developments and Biological Activities of N-Substituted Carbazole Derivatives: A Review
بواسطة
Chaudhary, Bashir Ahmad
,
Ijaz, Abdul Subhan
,
Bano, Afifa
في
Animals
,
Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry
,
Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use
2015
Carbazoles represent an important class of heterocycles. These have been reported to exhibit diverse biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antiepileptic, antihistaminic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrhoeal, analgesic, neuroprotective and pancreatic lipase inhibition properties. A series of carbazole derivatives such as N-substituted carbazoles, benzocarbazoles, furocarbazoles, pyrrolocarbazoles, indolocarbazoles, imidazocarbazoles, etc. have been synthesized. The N-substituted derivatives have gained the attention of researchers due to their therapeutic potential against neurological disorders and cell proliferation. Herein an attempt is made to review the medicinal importance of recently synthesized N-substituted carbazoles.
Journal Article
Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by Quercetin: Counteracting Oxidative Stress and More
بواسطة
Garrick, Jacqueline M.
,
Roquè, Pamela J.
,
Costa, Lucio G.
في
Animals
,
Autophagy - drug effects
,
Blood-brain barrier
2016
Increasing interest has recently focused on determining whether several natural compounds, collectively referred to as nutraceuticals, may exert neuroprotective actions in the developing, adult, and aging nervous system. Quercetin, a polyphenol widely present in nature, has received the most attention in this regard. Several studies in vitro, in experimental animals and in humans, have provided supportive evidence for neuroprotective effects of quercetin, either against neurotoxic chemicals or in various models of neuronal injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The exact mechanisms of such protective effects remain elusive, though many hypotheses have been formulated. In addition to a possible direct antioxidant effect, quercetin may also act by stimulating cellular defenses against oxidative stress. Two such pathways include the induction of Nrf2-ARE and induction of the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory enzyme paraoxonase 2 (PON2). In addition, quercetin has been shown to activate sirtuins (SIRT1), to induce autophagy, and to act as a phytoestrogen, all mechanisms by which quercetin may provide its neuroprotection.
Journal Article
The Neuroprotective Effects of Astaxanthin: Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Perspective
بواسطة
Sobarzo-Sánchez, Eduardo
,
Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein
,
Fakhri, Sajad
في
Aging
,
Aging - drug effects
,
Aging - genetics
2019
As the leading causes of human disability and mortality, neurological diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are on the rise. Although the general roles of several signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders have so far been identified, the exact pathophysiology of neuronal disorders and their effective treatments have not yet been precisely elucidated. This requires multi-target treatments, which should simultaneously attenuate neuronal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. In this regard, astaxanthin (AST) has gained growing interest as a multi-target pharmacological agent against neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain and spinal cord injuries, neuropathic pain (NP), aging, depression, and autism. The present review highlights the neuroprotective effects of AST mainly based on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic properties that underlies its pharmacological mechanisms of action to tackle neurodegeneration. The need to develop novel AST delivery systems, including nanoformulations, targeted therapy, and beyond, is also considered.
Journal Article
Anti-inflammatory and anti-excitoxic effects of diethyl oxopropanamide, an ethyl pyruvate bioisoster, exert robust neuroprotective effects in the postischemic brain
بواسطة
Lee, Hahnbie
,
Lee, Hye-Kyung
,
Lee, Ja-Kyeong
في
Amides - pharmacology
,
Amides - therapeutic use
,
Animals
2017
Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have robust neuroprotective effects via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic functions. In an effort to develop novel EP derivatives with greater protective potencies than EP, we generated four EP isosteres, among them the neuroprotective potency of N,N-diethyl-2-oxopropanamide (DEOPA), in which the ethoxy group of EP was replaced with diethylamine, was far greater than that of EP. When DEOPA was administered intravenously (5 mg/kg) to rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model at 6 hrs post-surgery, it suppressed infarct formation, ameliorated neurological and sensory/motor deficits, and inhibited microglial activation and neutrophil infiltrations in the postischemic brain more effectively than EP. In particular, DEOPA markedly suppressed LPS-induced nitrite production and cytokine/chemokine inductions in microglia, neutrophils, and endothelial cells and these effects are attributable to inhibition of the activity of NF-κB by suppressing IκB-α degradation and p65 to DNA binding. In addition, DEOPA suppressed NMDA-induced neuronal cell death in primary cortical neuron cultures by NAD replenishment and suppression of NF-κB activity. Together, these results indicate DEOPA has multi-modal protective effects against ischemic brain damage targeting numerous cell types in the brain and also against other inflammation-related diseases.
Journal Article
Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant
بواسطة
Baldasso, Gabriela M
,
Bicca, Maíra A
,
Capasso, Raffaele
في
Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy
,
Alzheimer Disease - physiopathology
,
Antagonists
2020
Medicinal use of
L. has an extensive history and it was essential in the discovery of phytocannabinoids, including the
major psychoactive compound-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-as well as the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CBR), named cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R), both part of the now known endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from
. However, these terpenoids and phenolic compounds can also be derived from other plants (non-cannabinoids) and still induce cannabinoid-like properties. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the
plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself. In this review, we summarize and critically highlight past, present, and future progress on the understanding of the role of cannabinoid-like molecules, mainly terpenes, as prospective therapeutics for different pathological conditions.
Journal Article
Machine learning identifies candidates for drug repurposing in Alzheimer's disease
بواسطة
Rodriguez, Steve
,
Sorger, Peter K
,
Zhou, George
في
Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy
,
Alzheimer Disease - genetics
,
Alzheimer Disease - metabolism
2021
Clinical trials of novel therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have consumed a large amount of time and resources with largely negative results. Repurposing drugs already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for another indication is a more rapid and less expensive option. We present DRIAD (Drug Repurposing In AD), a machine learning framework that quantifies potential associations between the pathology of AD severity (the Braak stage) and molecular mechanisms as encoded in lists of gene names. DRIAD is applied to lists of genes arising from perturbations in differentiated human neural cell cultures by 80 FDA-approved and clinically tested drugs, producing a ranked list of possible repurposing candidates. Top-scoring drugs are inspected for common trends among their targets. We propose that the DRIAD method can be used to nominate drugs that, after additional validation and identification of relevant pharmacodynamic biomarker(s), could be readily evaluated in a clinical trial.
Journal Article
Pharmacologic overview of Withania somnifera, the Indian Ginseng
بواسطة
Hamid, Abid
,
Dar, Nawab John
,
Ahmad, Muzamil
في
action potentials
,
Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy
,
Animals
2015
Withania somnifera, also called ‘Indian ginseng’, is an important medicinal plant of the Indian subcontinent. It is widely used, singly or in combination, with other herbs against many ailments in Indian Systems of Medicine since time immemorial. Withania somnifera contains a spectrum of diverse phytochemicals enabling it to have a broad range of biological implications. In preclinical studies, it has shown anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-stress, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-diabetic properties. Additionally, it has demonstrated the ability to reduce reactive oxygen species, modulate mitochondrial function, regulate apoptosis, and reduce inflammation and enhance endothelial function. In view of these pharmacologic properties, W. somnifera is a potential drug candidate to treat various clinical conditions, particularly related to the nervous system. In this review, we summarize the pharmacologic characteristics and discuss the mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications of the plant and its active constituents.
Journal Article